If you’re new in pottery, you may find all the terms a little bit confusing. So here is the list of basic pottery and ceramic terms that you need to know
A
Absorbency: The ability of a material to soak up water.
Ark: Large storage tank or container, e.g. Glaze Ark, Slip Ark, etc.
B
Bat: Or "batt”, is a thin slab of wood, plaster, or plastic used to support pottery forms during throwing.
Bisque: This term also known as bisc, biscuit, and bisqueware. Refers to the pottery piece that has fired once but not yet glazed.
Body Stain: Colourant used to colour clay body.
Bone-dry: The final stage of greenware dried to a completely dry state and ready to be fired.
Burnishing: A process by which leatherhard or blackhard clay is made smooth by rubbing it with a hard smooth object like a stone, spoon or piece of glass. This procedure gives the piece a polished look.
C
Casting / Slip casting: Casting or slip casting is a ceramic forming technique for shapes not easily made on a wheel. In slip casting, a liquid clay body slip is poured into plaster moulds and allowed to form a layer, the cast, on the inside walls of the mould.
Ceramic: Derived from the Greek ‘Keramos’ meaning ‘earthen vessel’. Today it applies to a whole range of products, i.e. bricks, tiles, pipes, porcelain, china, pottery, etc.
Cheesehard: The first stage in the drying process of a piece of pottery where it is still soft.
Clay: It is the material used to form the body of a piece of pottery. Contains of chemicals and minerals.
Coiling: A hand method of forming pottery by building up the walls with coils of rope-like rolls of clay.
Cones: Small, elongated, three sided pyramids made of materials designed to melt at a specific temperature. Designed to melt at the same temperature as the glazes used. Cones indicate the progress of the melting. Cones are placed just inside the kiln during a firing so they can be seen through a peephole.
Crackle glaze: A glaze intentionally containing minute cracks in the surface.
Crawling: Movement of glaze over the body surface during the gloss firing stage, due to dust or grease on the surface or over application of the glaze or excessive colloidal material in the glaze.
D
Decorative: A general term describing a non-functional ceramic piece that is intentionally for art purpose or decoration. Typical examples include sculptures, and wall hangings.
Dipping: Glazing pottery by immersion in a glaze suspension.
Dunting: Cracks or cracking in the clay caused by the too rapid cooling or heating of ware, and due to thermal stresses set up in the body.
E
Earthenware: A type of moderately porous clay body that is fired in a low temperature. Typically 1060 to 1100 C.
Engobe: A white or coloured coating of slip applied to the clay, for decoration, before glazing.
Extruder: Tools that are available in many shapes, sizes and styles, ranging from small, handheld extruders to industrial, wall-mounted extruders. Usually used by putting the clay inside and forcing it through an aperture.
Extrusion: The process of forcing clay through an aperture or die. e.g. through a pugmill.
F
Fettling: The removal, in the unfired state of excess body left in the shaping of pottery-ware at such places as seams and edges.
Firing: The process of exposing ceramic pieces to high heat in order to convert them into durable finished pieces.
Functional: A general term that refers to any ceramics piece that is not purely decorative and has some intended use. Typical examples include teapots, bowls, mugs, and vases.
G
Glaze: A thin glassy layer formed on the surface of a ceramic article by the exposure of the glaze coated article to a high temperature. Glaze is usually applied in the form of a suspension of ground glaze in a liquid medium, to the clay or biscuit surface of the article.
Greenware: Unfired clay ware.
H
Hand building: Any one of various techniques for creating ceramic objects that do not involve the use of a potters wheel. These methods include coiling, slab building, and pinch pots.
I
Iron oxide: A common oxide in glazes and some clays that generally gives a reddish colour.
J
Jigger: A machine for the shaping of clay body into flatware by the differential rotation of a profile tool and mould. The process is called ‘jiggering.
K
Kiln: Pottery oven or furnace in which ceramic products are fired. May be fired by wood, coal, sawdust, electricity or gas.
L
Leather Hard: Partially dried clay ware. The ideal stage for turning, fettling, sponging, etc.
M
Matte glaze: A dull-surfaced glaze with no gloss.
O